Thickened skin, medically referred to as hyperkeratosis, occurs when the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, becomes abnormally thick. This condition often results in rough, hardened areas that may appear dry or scaly. Hyperkeratosis can be localized, affecting specific areas like the hands, feet, or elbows, or generalized, affecting larger areas of the body. Common causes include repeated friction or pressure, such as from ill-fitting shoes leading to calluses, or excessive use of hands leading to calloused palms. Chronic skin conditions, like eczema or psoriasis, can also cause thickened skin due to inflammation and irritation. Other factors include genetic conditions like ichthyosis, which results in widespread skin thickening, or warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In some cases, thickened skin may be a sign of underlying health issues such as diabetes or autoimmune disorders. Treatment for thickened skin depends on the underlying cause. For calluses and corns, reducing friction and pressure, along with the use of emollients or topical treatments containing salicylic acid, can help soften and remove the thickened areas. Chronic skin conditions may require topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory treatments to reduce symptoms. For infections or warts, antiviral or antifungal treatments might be necessary. In cases where hyperkeratosis is due to a genetic condition or systemic illness, managing the primary condition is essential for controlling skin thickening. Regular skincare, including moisturizing and gentle exfoliation, can help maintain skin health and prevent excessive thickening. Consulting a healthcare provider is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
